Bipolar Disorder (BPD)

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General Information                                                                    

Overview:
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by distinct episodes of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) and episodes of depression. These mood changes are more intense and longer-lasting than typical mood fluctuations.

Manic or hypomanic episodes may include:

  • Elevated or irritable mood
  • Increased energy and activity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Racing thoughts or rapid speech
  • Impulsivity or risky behavior

Depressive episodes may include:

  • Persistent sadness or emptiness
  • Fatigue and low motivation
  • Changes in appetite or sleep
  • Feelings of guilt or hopelessness

Types:

  • Bipolar I (mania + depression)
  • Bipolar II (hypomania + depression)
  • Cyclothymic disorder (chronic mood fluctuations)

Management:
With treatment, many people with bipolar disorder live stable and fulfilling lives.

 

Symptoms                                                                                   

Manic or hypomanic symptoms

  • Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
  • Increased energy and activity
  • Reduced need for sleep
  • Racing thoughts and rapid speech
  • Risk-taking or impulsive behavior

Depressive symptoms

  • Persistent sadness or emptiness
  • Loss of interest or pleasure
  • Fatigue or slowed movement
  • Feelings of guilt, hopelessness, or worthlessness

Additional signs

  • Mood episodes last days to weeks
  • Periods of stable mood may occur between episodes


 

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